Maritime Access and Sovereignty: A Legal Analysis of the Ankara Declaration Between Ethiopia and Somalia

By Salim Said Salim

The Ankara Declaration, signed on December 12, 2024, by Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud under the mediation of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, marks a significant diplomatic milestone in addressing geopolitical tensions in the Horn of Africa. Emerging from months of heightened regional instability, the agreement seeks to resolve a longstanding maritime access dispute that threatened to destabilize bilateral relations between Somalia and Ethiopia and undermine regional security. This development represents a major diplomatic breakthrough following the two failed rounds of discussion since July 2024. The crisis that necessitated the agreement began in January 2024, when Ethiopia entered a controversial Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Somaliland, a self-declared breakaway region of Somalia.

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