Bitcoin waxay ka mid tahay lacagha la yiraahdo lacagaha meereegaha lagu magdeysan (Cryptocurrency) oo dhawaanahaan ku siyaadiya aduunyadda loona isticmaalo in internetka wax looga iibsado. Bitcoin oo ugu caansan lacagahan waxaa soo saaray nin isku magacaabay Satoshi Nakamoto oo aan si dhab ah loo aqoon meesha uu kasoo jeedo dhalasho ahaan iyo wuxuu yahay. Bitcoin ayaa ah lacagta ugu socodka badan ee ka shaqaysa suuqa lacagaha magdeysan (cryptocurrency market).
Waxaaa lagu qeexaa inay tahay lacag loo qaabeeyay hab elektronik ah oo loo adeegsado in qayb ka mid ah mareegaha internetka in looga dukaamaysto. Lacagtan maleh wax bangi ah ama dawlad oo masuuliyadeeda qaadaya, sida lacagaha caadiga oo mid walba ay dawladi ka danbeyso. Lacagtan ayaa waxaa markii ugu horeysay lagu shaaciyay mareegtan Bitcoin.org 2009.
Lacagtan aan la ogeyn cidda soo saartay misna shirkaddo waa wayn ay ka mid tahay Microsoft aqbalayaan maxay tahay, waxaa shaki la’aan ah in lacagtan qayb ka mid ah dawladaha aduunka ee waawayn ay samaynteeda ka daneeyaan ama wax ka og qaabkay usheqayso kuwaas oo doonaya inay dhaqaalaha aduunka meeshay rabaan si fudud ug burburiyaan. Sababtoo ah hadday wax xog ah ka hayaan waxay ku dadaali lahaayeen in ka horyimaadaan oo la dagaalamaan balse dawladaha soo dhaweeyay lacagtan waxaa ka mid ah Madaxwaynaha Ruushka, sidoo kale Dawlada Maraykanka ayaa ka gaabsatay inay mamnuucdo balse u aqoonsaday sidii badeeco oo kale.
Waxaan dib ujaleecis ku samaynaynaa siday uga falceliyeen dawladaha aduunka soo bixida lacagtan iyo aqbalaadeeda si aan muuqaal guud uga bixino heerka ay marayso aqbalaadeedda iyo socodkeeda.
7.March 2017 Banggiga Qaranka ee Jamhuuriyadda Kuruweeshiya (Croatian National Bank) wuxuu cadeeyay inaysan aqoonsanayn lacagtan maadaama aysan waafaqsanayn sharciga lacagaha wadanka sida onecoin. Sidoo kale dawladu waxay sheegtay shirkaddaha soo saara lacagahaas inaysan ka diiwangishnayn banggiga dhexe dalka sidaas darteed shaqooyinkooda aysan sharci ahayn khatar badana ay heersaarsan tahay (Croatian National Bank, 2017).
5.Dec 2017 Banggiga Dhexe ee Burtuqaal ayaa qoraal ka soo saaray lacagaha meeragaha lagu magdeeyay (Cryptocurrency) gaar ahaa OneCoin Network Limited, OneCoin Limited, and One Network Services Ltd iyo Onelife inaysan wadanka ka sharciyaysnayn sidoo kalena aan waxba lagu iibsan karin, deyn lagu bixin karin, banggina la dhigi karin wuxuuna muwaadiniintisa uga digay khatarta isticmaalka lacagahaas (Portugal’s Central Bank). Banggigu wuxuu faray dhammaan shirkaddaha maaliyadda oo ku lug leh inaysan wax xiriir la samayn karin shirkadda lacagaha meereegaha lagu magdeeyay (Reporterindia, 2017).
5.March 2018 wadanka Samoa oo ah Jasiirad u dhaw wadanka Australia ayaa diiday inay aqbasho lacagaha meeragaha lagu magdeeyay (cryptocurrency) ee OneCoin iyo Bitcoin wuxuuna banggigu sheegay inay shirkaddo dhawr ah oo dhiirigeliya maalgashiga lacagahan mareegaha lagu magdeeyay (cryptocurrency) ay la soo xiiriireen si loogu sharciyeeyo waxay ku fashilmeen inay soo bandhigaan xogtooda oo dhammaystiran si loo waafajiyo sharciga sidaas awgeed banggiga dhexe ee Samoa oo matalaya dawlada wuxuu diiday inuu ogalaansho siiyo shirkaddahan khataraha ay leeyihiin dartood (Central Bank of Samoa, 2018).
14, Feb 2017 Banggiga dhexe ee Yuganda (Bank of Uganda) wuxuu ku wargelinayaa dhammaan shacabka in lacagaha mareegaha lagu magdeeyay “ONE COIN DIGITAL MONEY” inaysan ka diiwaangishnayn banggiga wadanka iyo sharciga haga hayadaha maaliyada (Financial Institutions Act, 2004 ) ee wadanka sidaas awgeedna laga dheeraado maalgashiga lacagaha ay ka mid yihiin One-coin, Bitcoin, Ripple, Peercoin, Namecoin, Dogecoin, Litecoin, Bytecoin, Primecoin, Blackcoin iyo nooc walba oo ka mid ah lacagaha meergaha lagu magdeeyay maadama aysan jirin sharci ilaalinaya macaamisha iyo sharci lagu hago (Bank of Uganda, 2017).
Banggiga kayda ee hindiya (The Reserve Bank of India) ayaa si rasmi ah ugu dhawaaqay in dalkiisa laga mamnuucay isticmaalka lacagaha mareegaha lagu magdeeyay ee sida Bitcoin. Dhamman banggiyada hoos yimaada Banggiga Keyda ee Hindia waxaa la farayaa inay xanibaad ku soo rogaan kala iibisga lacagahan iyo kala wareejintoodaba (Rapoza, 2018).
Hay’ada maamusha suuqyada maaliyada ee wadanka Austria (Austria’s financial markets regulator) ayaa qoraal rasmi ah ay soo saartay ku diiday inay aqbasho lacagaha ay ka mid yihiin Onecoine iyo inaysan wax maacmilaad ah insyan la samayn karin banggiyada wadankeeda (Hughes, 2017).
Wadamada kale ee qoraalo ay ku diidayaan soo saaray ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Hayada canshuur ururinta ee wadanka Maraykanka (US government tax collection agency), iyadoo sheegtay inaysan lacag u aqoonsanayn balse sida hantida iyo badeecado caadiga ah ay u canshuurayaan. Waxaa sido kale diiday Ingiiriska (UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), Belgium (, Belgium Financial Services and Markets Authority (FSMA), Hungari (Hungarian central bank), Fransa iyo Jarmal ayaa si gaar ah balan qaaday inay burburin doonaa shabakada ku lug leh lacagahaas.
JP Morgan boss Jamie Dimon oo ah Maareeyaha guud ee banggiga JPMorgan Chase & Co oo fadhigiisu yahay Newyok –USA ayaa si adag udiiday isticmaalka lacagta Bitcoin wuxuuna u tilmaamay inay isticmaalan lacagaha noocan ah dadka daroogada, dilalka qorshaysan iy mooryaanimada ku shaqo leh. Sababta uu udiidayna wuxuu ku sheegay labo qodob oo ah inaysan marka hore sharciga dalkiisa kasoo horeedo iyo inay khatarteedu badan yahay (theguardian, 2017).
Culimada diiday oo fatwooyin kasoo saary inay tahay xaaran maalgashiga lacagtan waxaa ka mid ah Sheikh Shawki Allam oo ah muftiga ugu wayn ee dalka Masar (bbc, 2018). Wuxuu ku booriyay dadka muslimiinta ah inaysan udhawaan maalgashiga lacagtan.
KHATARAHA AY LEEYHIIN MAALGASHIGA LACAGAHAN
Isbadalka qiimaha lacagta: Qiimaha lacagta ayaa ah mid aan fadhiyin oo marwalba isbadali kara maadama aysan jirin banggi la socda isbadalka lacagtan, arrintaas oo kuu keeni karta in hal maalin qiima dhaca aad iyo aad u balaaran oo aan la filayn uu ku yimaado lacagta sidaasna aad ku waydo maalgashigaagii oo dhan. Sida uu sheegay suuqa lacagaha meerregaha (coinmarketcap) 24 saac gudahood qiima dhaca ku yimi lacagaha marregaha looga ganacsado sida ethereum iyo ripple waxaa ku lumay lacag dhan $67.7 bilyan. Tusaale 19 Disembar 2017 qiimaha hal bitcoin wuxuu ahaa $ 18, 936 waxaa ku yimi hoos udhacay 26%, xiligaas qofkii haystay hal bitcoin ($18,936) wuxuu lumiyay $ 4,923. Markale Jan.2018 Bitcoin waxay lumisay 10% oo sababay inay lacago badan lumiyaan dad badan oo ku xirnaa.
Hal beeg la’aan: Lacagaha meeregaha wax looga iibsado ma lahan halbeeg sax ah oo lagu barbar dhigo lacagaha ama badeecadaha kale sida dahabka taas oo sahalaysa in markasta lacagta ay ku timaado isbadal aan salahayn lacago badan aad ku waayi karto karo lacagtaas.
Burcada jabsata mareegaha oo si sahlan kula wareegi kara lacagaha elektarooniga ah. 19.12.2017 saylada isu badalka lacagaha meeragaha (cryptocurrency exchange) ee Koonfurta Kuuriya ayaa ugud bisay dawlada inay kacday(bankruptcy) kadib markii labo jeer la jabsaday xisaabgashiyadooda bitcoins (akoonadooda bitcoin) sidaasna ay ku waayee lacag kor udhaafaysa $70m.
Burburka iyo aasaasida lacagahan oo sahlan: Isticmaalka iyo socodsiinta lacagaha noocan ah waxay ku xiran tahay inta badan shirkaddaha waawayn inay aqbalaan isticmaal lacagtan oo kaliya hadday bari diidaana lacagtii loo heli maayo meel lagu socodsiiyo sababtoo ah markii horeba ma lahayn dawlad ama banggi ilaalinayay socodsiinta iyo hubinta tayada lacagahan. Sidoo kale, waxaa fudud in lacag magac cusub maleh markasta la samayn karo maadama aysan ubaahnayn shuruuc hagta iyo maalgelin xoog leh, kaliya waxay ubaahan tahay khuburo yaqaana sida lacagahan loo sameeyo, waxayna ku burburi kartaad khilaaf soo kala dhexgala shiraddaha waxay sababi kartaa in lacagtii la isticmaalayay ay suuqa ka baxdo mid cusubna la sameeyo. Tusaale khilaaf soo kala dhexgalay aasaasayaashi bitcoin ayaa waxay sababtay in mid ka mid ah oo la yiraahdo Emil Oldenburg, inuu ka baxo shirkaddii uuna samaysto lacag cusub oo hadda ushaqaysa sida tii hore oo kale oo loogu magac daray Bitcoin Cash (BCH) isla markaasna uu ku xayaysiiyo hal kudhaga ah “iska iibi tii hore oo maalgisho midan cusub”. Arrintaas waxay cadayn u tahay in si fudud loo burburin karo lacagaha noocan ah maadama aysan jirin shuruuc iyo nidaam maaliyadeed oo hagaya iyo dawlad damaanad qaadaysa masuuliyadaha lacagahan.
Markaan soo gunaanadno waxaa soo hoga tuusalaynay dhibaatooyinka ay shirkaddo iyo shakhsiyaad badan ugaysateen lacagahan oo ay ku lumay lacago malaayiin doolar oo ilaa hadda aan la garanyn meesha ay mareen waxaana ka mida ah Mt. Gox oo ahayd xarunta ugu wayn ee lagu kala badasho lacagaha Bitcoin oo fadhigeedu ahaa magaaladda Shibuya ee Japaan. shirkaddan ayaa sheegtay February 2014, in laga xaday lacagtii ay maamulaysay oo gaaraya 850,000 bitcoins oo dhigantay markaas $450 million oo ay lahaayeen macaamiisheeda sidaas darteed ay joojisay shaqadii halkaasna ay shirkaddii ku kacday, ilaa hadda wali lama hayo meel lagu sheego lacagahaas oo dhan, iyadoo ay arrimahaas jiran ayaa wali dad badan waa kasii ganacsanayaan iyadoo digniino badan ay ka soo baxayaan dawladaha aduunka.
Gayiga Soomaalida ayaa dhawaanahan waxaa kusoo badanaya dad Soomaaliyeed oo dhiirigelinaya in la maalgishto iyadoo dawlado badan ay muwaadiniintooda uga digayaaan in lagu khaldo maalgashiga lacagahaas. Habka ugu caansan ee lacag looga helo lacagahan ayaa ah in qofkii maalgishtay uu soo xero geliyo qof kale si uu maalgashi ugu samaysto lacagtan, halkaasna qofkii keenay qofkan uu lacag kaga helo shirkaddaha lacagahan leh. Sidoo kale, iibka saamiga lacagahan ayaa waxaa kor uqaaday dalabka tirade badan iyo dadka raadinaya inay maalgishtan kadib markii ay shirkaddaha lacagan leh ay sameeyeen xayaysiisyo tiro badan oo dadka ay ku dhiirigelinayaan lacagahan inay laga faa’iidaysto. Waxaa dhici kara dad yar oo ka faa’iiday maalgashiga lacagahan balse ma’ahan wax loo barreeri karo oo u qalanta in la maalgishto..Waxaan uga digaynaa muwaadiniinta Soomaaliyeed inay maalgishtaan lacagtan cusub aan haybta lahayn.
Qore: Sharmarke Abdullahi Ali
Aggasimaha Machadka Horumarinta Ganacsiga ee Capital Care Bosoaaso, Soomaaliya
Tixraac
Bank of Uganda. (2017, February 14). Retrieved from Bank of Uganda: https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/media/statements/One-Coin-Digital-Money-operations-in-Uganda.html.
bbc. (2018, January 2 ). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42541270
Central Bank of Samoa. (2018, 08 21). Retrieved from Central Bank of Samoa: https://www.cbs.gov.ws/index.php/media/latest-news/central-bank-of-samoa-issues-warning-on-onecoin-cryptocurrency-/
Croatian National Bank. (2017, 3 7). Retrieved from Croatian National Bank: https://www.hnb.hr/en/-/proizvod-pod-nazivom-onecoin-nosi-mnoge-rizike
Hughes, H. (2017, July 12). smnweekly. Retrieved from smnweekly: https://smnweekly.com/2017/07/12/austrias-fma-warns-against-onecoin/
Rapoza, K. (2018, Apr 5). Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2018/04/05/good-luck-buying-bitcoin-in-india-as-central-banker-bans/#105785a82996
Reporterindia. (2017, 12 5). Portugal’s central bank. Retrieved from Portugal’s central bank: https://reporterindia.com/portugals-central-bank-issues-warning-against-onecoin/
theguardian. ( 2017, Sep 13). Retrieved from theguardian: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/sep/13/bitcoin-fraud-jp-morgan-cryptocurrency-drug-dealers
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